Ventilation
Ventilation refers to the medical process of assisting a person to breathe. In particular, when there is difficulty breathing on their own due to respiratory disease, respiratory insufficiency, muscle weakness or other health conditions. The main purpose of ventilation is to ensure that sufficient oxygen reaches the lungs and carbon dioxide is removed from the body.
Ventilation is used both in acute medical emergencies and for long-term support in chronic illnesses.
Types of ventilation - classification according to ventilation access
Non-invasive ventilation (NIV):
Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) describes ventilation using a breathing mask. Primarily to support spontaneous breathing of the patient or temporarily with controlled ventilation. The effective pressure that can be administered is limited by the nature of the patient interface (mask).
Invasive ventilation:
This form of ventilation is used when non-invasive methods are not sufficient or the patient cannot breathe on their own. It requires the placement of an endotracheal tube or tracheal cannula to secure the airway and ensure breathing. This also enables ventilation pressures above 30 cmH2O.
Classification according to the ventilation method:
Assisted (supportive) ventilation:
The ventilator recognizes and reacts to the patient’s spontaneous breathing and assists them in doing so. This type of ventilation is often used to provide respiratory support for up to 16 hours a day.
Controlled (mandatory) ventilation:
Mechanical ventilation takes over the patient’s entire breathing work completely. Parameters such as respiratory rate, inspiration time / I:E, inhalation and exhalation pressure regulate the breathing pattern, even 24/7.